Groupthink Theories Of The Iraq War - 4002 Words

Abstract In the weeks immediately after the terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001, the nation watched anxiously as the Bush Administration declared war on terror. Following the invasion of Afghanistan to hunt down those responsible for this horrific incident, the U.S. swiftly changed its priority to invading Iraq and overthrowing its government by capturing its president, Saddam Hussein. In this mission, the U.S. scrambled to find a connection between Saddam Hussein and the terrorist organization al-Qa’ida. Since the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, many scholars have focused on the effects of the Iraq War, speculating on the Bush Administration’s motives for the decision. While some within scholarly circles have attributed the invasion†¦show more content†¦Bush, asserted that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), multiple Iraqi human rights violations stemming from the WMDs, and the suspected Iraqi support for al-Qa’ida, who had been previously c hased out of Afghanistan. After the initial invasion, however, U.S.-led Coalition Forces were unable to locate any significant evidence of WMDs. Back in the U.S., investigative committees subsequently concluded that Iraq possessed no WMDs and did not harbor any connections to terrorist organizations. Moreover, Hussein had been successful at evading capture despite an intensive manhunt, and U.S. forces seemingly were unable to play a domestic security role, further leading to the dissolution of Iraqi security services and ushering in widespread looting and disorder. This highlighted that the invasion of Iraq was not be an easy victory as originally surmised. Since that time, many scholars have focused on the effects of the Iraq War, speculating on the Bush Administration’s motives for the decision. While some within scholarly circles have attributed the invasion of Iraq to groupthink, a theory that has recently become a staple in understanding foreign policy disasters, there i s little literature that has been applied to the rationality of the decision to invade and whether groupthink influenced the decision-making process. Therefore, this paper will seek to examine the decision to launch the invasion of Iraq and the clearly failed planning for the occupation of theShow MoreRelatedMistake Is Not Enough Research?949 Words   |  4 Pagesthreatened and fight back, primitive justice. 2 –there is not enough research or theories that explain the function of two nations, political power and revenge. I find it hard to find research on politics, religion and 911 disaster. There had to be a new theory on the Middle East as to how properly = manage and deal with these individuals, maybe a negotiation theory, grudge theory. They Middle east tends to keep war with other countries, due to their culture, ect.. 1- Social problem has been identifiedRead MoreThere Are Many Theoretical Perspectives Used When Examining1646 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many theoretical perspectives used when examining the international political system. In this paper I will explain two of the most important: liberalism and realism. Though they are both strong theories, liberalism is best when it comes to explaining international politics. Liberalism better examines all of the influence that impact the decisions made within the international system and better represents the emotions and personal agendas of the state. Liberalism can be considered a combinationRead MoreThe Australian Invasion Of Iraq 2003 : Power, Identity, And An Uncertain Future2149 Words   |  9 PagesInvasion of Iraq 2003: Power, Identity, and an Uncertain Future Foreign policy decision-makers are not omnipotent enlightened individuals who can calmly evaluate all available information, assign relative values, and reflectively consider options. Instead, foreign policy is determined by individuals, as a collective, attempting to comprehend a bewildering array of information sources while influenced by personal emotion, relationships, and a subjective understanding of history. Theory, henceforthRead MoreLeadership And Group Dynamics Between The American Corporate World And The Us Army3235 Words   |  13 PagesThere are often parallels drawn between war and business because both are represented as ruthless zero-sum games. Understanding the intersection between these two settings is most important because there are immensely valuable business lessons that can be drawn from the battlefield. The following study is also important to members of the armed forces who aspire to enter the corporate world, informing them on the military knowledge they ca n apply. In both environments, it is indisputable that leadershipRead MoreThe International Community Witnessed Dramatic Changes During The Tunisian Revolution1655 Words   |  7 Pagesinto a proxy war involving Russia, the US, and other state and non-state actors. In September 2015, Russia intervened in Syria after a request from the Syrian government for military assistance to combat rebel and terrorist groups. After the death of Hafez al-Assad, the new president, Bashar al-Assad, promised freedom and democracy. Syrians quickly learned these were false promises. The Syrian conflict began with peaceful anti-regime demonstrations before escalating into a civil war. In March 2011Read MoreEvaluating The Campaign Planning Efforts For Operation Iraqi Freedom2159 Words   |  9 Pagescomplex security challenges posed by the Iraq situation. This essay will assess how well Commanders and planners understood the operational environment (OE) and refined their operational approach (OA) over time. In conjunction with articulating these assessments, it will also consider the process of reframing, as an important part of the OD methodology within the joint planning process, while comparing that to what strategically and operationally occurred in Iraq leading up to the â€Å"Surge† but particularlyRead MorePlato s Theory Of Government2042 Words   |  9 PagesRepublic, the best form of government was offered, which perhaps highlighted insight into issues under review in today’s times. The Republic is perhaps Plato’s most influential work in that the collection of dialogues serves to put forth a political theory for a just state. The central belief that binds these dialogues together is that justice and happiness are intertwined, not because of good outcomes, but â€Å"because justice itself is so great that nothing gained from injustice could be greater† (BoyleRead MoreUnderstanding Religious Identity and the Causes of Religious Violence7269 Words   |  30 PagesYamin â€Å"Le coeur a ses raisons que la raison ne connaà ®t point. (The heart has its reasons that reason does not know at all.) Les Pensà ©es, (Thoughts) Blaise Pascal, 1665 The Problem Empirical research reveals that â€Å"about two thirds of contemporary wars turn on issues of religious, ethnic, or national identity. Less than 10 percent begin as interstate conflicts.†1 What causes conflict between religious groups and why does the preservation of religious identity lead to violent conflict? The post 9/11Read MoreLiterature : The 21st Century6619 Words   |  27 Pages21st Century, the time period that we all live in today, smothered in continuous social, economic and political issues. An interesting era for films of this genre is the late 1930’s to early 1940’s which we see reflections in the literature today. War World 2 was a turning point in history and was a time of sheer horror in many places such as Spain, Germany, Poland and Eastern Europe. In todayâ⠂¬â„¢s age, contemporary literature writers often draw their inspiration and ideas from the writers that haveRead Moreinternational marketing7154 Words   |  29 Pageshigh LTO score, delivering on social obligations and avoiding loss of face are considered very important. Motivation 1. Contrasts goal-setting theory and its implications for managers with reinforcement theory? Answer:- Goal-Setting Theory:- Edwin Locke developed what is called the goal-setting theory. The idea behind this theory is that goals that are specific and effectively difficult can lead to higher performance if they include self-generated feedback. A difficult goal will help