Lean Learn Outcome Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lean Learn Outcome - Assignment Example The case reports that the scrape rate for each operation stands at 10%. Hence, this is a crucial source of waste in the case study. Over processing involves the extra operations such as reprocessing or rework on products mainly due to the fact that there are defects. To the case study, this is also a potential source of waste as at any time the effects of defects can be experienced (Palevich, 2012). Transport waste refers to the unnecessary movement of production materials from one place to another. It is an existing source of waste in the case. This is because the employees at the company usually have to transfer raw materials from one point to another in the company (Palevich, 2012). This entails the inactivity periods that a company experiences in a downstream process. It usually occurs because of untimely delivery of output by an upstream activity. As seen in the case study, this is an existing source of waste particularly in delivering goods to customers (Palevich, 2012). This refers to the under utilization of employee capabilities. It also includes delegation of tasks while employees have undergone inadequate training. As indicated in the case study, the annual employee turnover stands at only 25%. Thus, skills is an existing source of waste in the case (Palevich, 2012). b) For one or more of the sources of waste identified in part a) write a one paragraph description of what you would do as Operations Manager to reduce or eliminate this waste. It consequently results into excessive production of products along with excess costs for inventory carrying. As the operations manager, I would apply a well-organized approach towards reduction and elimination of skills as a source of waste. As indicated earlier, waste in skills is experienced due to under utilization of employee capabilities. It is also caused by inadequate training of employees and yet delegating tasks to them. On this regard, I will begin by coming up with a clear outline of the tasks

Life today is better Essay Example for Free

Life today is better Essay Nowadays life is more comfortable, convenient and better than it was a century before. Modern facilities for health, education, communication and transport have added a lot in bringing betterment to the life of people. Advances in technology have provided people with many ways to spend their leisure time and they also have more opportunities to utilize their physical and mental abilities to achieve a better living standard. Technology and education have got much better as compared to the past as there are more schools, colleges and universities giving basic and modern education. Subsequently, it has revolutionized all the sectors of society. For instance, in the past 100 years, research surveys indicate that millions of people died due to disease outbreaks and absence of cures and appropriate health facilities. But now the mortality rate has significantly reduced because there are hospitals available almost in every town, equipped with basic emergency requirements. Medical research and inventions have eradicated many diseases from the world. Communication has become much easier and fast as internet, mobile phones, television are available nowadays. There is no need to write long descriptive letters and wait for the response for long time. One can talk and even watch his loved ones with only a single click. They provide a better source of recreation too, thus helping to get rid of boredom. Similarly, infrastructure has been improved hence it has upgraded the standard of travelling. One can travel long distances using airplane in few hours while it was not possible some years ago. People had to travel for days to cover long distances on animals, keeping heavy luggage and food with them. Development in industrial sectors has opened new areas for work to earn a living. It has introduced a wide range of career choices so that one can opt for what he likes to do instead of sticking with the occupation of ancestors. It can be inferred from the above arguments that standard of life is far better than it was in the past. People have more facilities and choices for spending and maintaining their lives. It has all happened due to the advent of education and technology that was absent in the past.

Some Esential Points in Reading The Critique of Pure Reason :: Modern Philosophy Research Papers

Some Esential Points in Reading The Critique of Pure Reason ABSTRACT: (1) Things are not to be found in the Critique (real things also called physical objects-an epochà © 'avant la lettre' as in Husserl). The things as appearances are only Vorstellungen (representatio, B376). Confusion arrives because Kant calls these objects with the same names employed in the language of common sense for designating the things. (2) Due to the absence of these things, nothing is said concerning the relation between things and empirical objects (things as appearances, Erscheinungen). (3) Things in themselves, considered in the abstraction of sensible receptivity, are for this very abstraction, unknowable. Consequently, they cannot be considered as the origin of appearances. (4) I propose an explanation of the relation mentioned in (2). (5) What is the use of the Critique of so strange a conception as the thing in itself instead of simply mentioning real things and their representations in the subject? (6) Mind is not an adequate translation of the German gem à ¼t. I think subject is better. At this paper I shall limit myself to expose only two items as possible themes of an adequate reading of the Critique. (1a) According to the imposed extension of the paper a detailed treatment is not to be found here. These two themes are: the first one, things and things in themselves. The other one, the translation of the German word Gemà ¼t as subject and not as mind or spirit. Previous Definitions Two languages will be used: one of them it's Kant's exposition of his sistem, the transcendental idealism (TI) and the other one, designated as the common sense language (CSL), the colloquial language concerning Husserl's natural actitude. (1) In this later one, the things are the so called real things or physical objects, things we can see, touch and handle and modify them according to determinate purposes In this paper I shall refer only to this kind of things, simply calling them things. It is no necessary, I think to mention each time that Aristoteles defines these things as being in the mode of fusis and techne. (2) Heidegger also defines them as the natural things (3) When we are looking at something — a state of things — in this same action a representation appears in conscience of that we are looking at. We erroneously believe that we truly see things directly, but instead what we really do is to become conscious of the representation of the thing.

How Fairuz can increase productivity without neglecting service quality

Introduction Service quality is defined as the gap that exists between customer expectations and their perception of the service. Service productivity, on the other hand, is defined as the effectiveness with which resource inputs are transformed to produce value for customers (Barnes, 2003). In the hospitality industry, customer satisfaction is achievable through ensuring that they are provided with the best possible service quality. This will not only determine their satisfaction, but also their possibility to return or recommend the company to other potential customers. Just like quality is paramount, it is also vital to ensure that productivity is at its optimum so as to cater for all customers, especially during peak seasons (Grigoroudis & Siskos, 2009). In this regard, companies are expected to ensure that service quality does not compromise productivity, and vice versa. This report presents a proposal for Fairuz, a Lebanese restaurant that operates in London, on the approaches that can be used to increase their service quality without overlooking productivity. The restaurant serves Lebanese food, and has a seating capacity of 75 clients at any given time (Fairuz, 2014). By applying the strategies that are suggested in this proposal, the company will be able to increase customer satisfaction and reduce operation costs. Proposal There are several aspects of Fairuz that ought to be addressed in increasing service quality and the overall productivity of the restaurant. As this proposal aims to make these improvements at Fairuz, it will focus on improving the position of the restaurant in the market by making it more competitive than other restaurants of its level.Improving ProductivityThis section presents the approaches that Fairuz restaurant needs to use in order to increase its service productivity. Though there are many approaches that can be used to achieve this, this paper suggests three approaches that Fairuz can use. These include improving employee productivity, using key performance indicators to measure productivity and utilization of technology (Assaf et al., 2011).Employee productivityProductivity of employees in service companies is largely dependent on human resource practices or policies used. The collective efforts that are made by employees towards the attainment of organizational objectives vary with the effectiveness of the human resource department (Bratton & Gold, 2012). The most appropriate way in which their productivity can be increased is through applying different employee motivation strategies. These include offering reasonable remunerations, bonuses and rewards (Hartnett et al., 2011). Employees at Fairuz can also be made more productive by standardizing all processes, procedures and policies in the organization to create a sense of order. This saves time and maximizes efficiency (Medeiros et al., 2012). Even though these can be achieved at Fairuz, they may be hampered by high employee turnover because Fairuz’s budget may not allow it to compete with larger companies in terms of employee salaries. Small restaurants are always faced with the risk of losing employees to larger organizations.Measuring performance through key performance indicatorsPerformance indicators that can be used by Fairuz to measure its performance, to establish flaws and make impr ovements, vary with the different departments. In regard to staff, the restaurant has to ensure that it has a sustainable wage cost (Sainaghi et al., 2013). This can be done hiring small but sufficient number of employees to cater for the 75 guests that the restaurant targets to serve. This will reduce the wage burden in the company and also make it possible to remunerate them well. Labour or wage costs can also be minimized by ensuring that employee turnover is minimized, given that it is nearly impossible to completely eliminate it, especially in restaurants. Costs that could be used in training new staff members monthly or weekly can then be directed to more productive activities in the organization (Choi et al., 2012). Other key performance indicators that can be used by Fairuz to determine its performance include seating efficiency, stock value, costs of food and profitability (Sainaghi et al., 2013).Using Technology to increase ProductivityMost of the companies in the services sector, which include restaurants, are fast adapting to the technological changes taking place in the industry to increase productivity and efficiency in service delivery (Tzeng & Chang, 2011). Fairuz can use technology in all its departments to achieve an increase in productivity. For instance, it can acquire modern ovens or stoves for its kitchen that can be used to prepare more of food in a shorter time and on less energy. This not only makes it possible for the company to cater for many customers, but also increases its efficiency (Sloan et al., 2009). Technology can also be used to ease communication among employees within the restaurant. In this case, one of the technological equipment that Fairuz should acquire is the kitchen display system. This system provides real-time updates and information about food orders that have been made by clients and also monitors the speed of service (Katsigris & Thomas, 2008). This is quite effective and time-saving than the traditional appro ach where servers had to take orders from clients then go to inform chefs in the kitchen. This consumes more time and is prone to human error. Whilst it is expected that technology will contribute towards an increase in efficiency and productivity, Fairuz has to consider that the initial costs to be incurred in setting up these technologies and training employees on how to use them is quite high. Therefore, an analysis needs to be done to establish the most ideal technologies to implement, which will assure it of a good return on investment (Allen, 2011).Improving qualityEven as Fairuz strategizes to improve its productivity, it is also vital for it to ensure that the quality of service is not compromised. Thus, this section explains approaches that the restaurant can use to increase the quality of provided to its clients.Ensuring employee competenceRestaurants have different departments that require different skills and competencies in executing their respective responsibilities. T hey can be classified into managers, chefs, servers and miscellaneous employees (O’Fallon & Rutherford, 2011). To ensure quality, Fairuz has to ensure that it hires employees that have the required qualifications and experience needed in delivering their required duties. In addition to this regular training sessions have to be organized to improve their competencies. If employees are competent, the chances of substandard service quality are greatly reduced (O’Fallon & Rutherford, 2011). The fact that the restaurant serves Lebanese food means that the majority of clients are Lebanese. Thus, the company needs to ensure that a section of its employees are familiar with the Lebanese culture, foods and other dimensions that may affect their service perception. Being a small restaurant that mainly targets the Lebanese population, it may be challenging to hire the best talent since people with skills in this industry often target to work for larger organizations (Jang & George, 2012). Therefore, Fairuz may be limited to selecting low-income people who may not be quite competent and provide them with on-job training to improve their competence. This approach can mainly be applicable for selecting employees in positions that do not require special skills, like waiters.Utilizing quality measurement toolsIt is quite vital for organizations to ensure that they have an ideal framework that they can use to gauge their quality of service. This involves benchmarking the companyâ₠¬â„¢s current progress, identifying the problems that might exist, predicting future outcomes and using key quality indicators that are applicable in the restaurant business to establish their position in terms service quality (Barnes, 2003 ). For Fairuz restaurant, measuring service quality should be done by comparing customer expectations and their perception of service. Whereas all restaurants work to meet or exceed customer expectations, there are several factors that may limit their capabilities to attain this objective. It is thus vital for Fairuz to collect regular client feedback to enable it establish any flaws that may exist in its service delivery and make the necessary changes (Grigoroudis & Siskos, 2009). One of the most convenient ways that Fairuz can do this is through requesting waiters and receptionists to ask guests whether the meals met their expectations. The company also needs to link its website to a third-party review website like Tripadvisor, which will be vital in monitoring any customer feedback any time a review about the restaurant is made. Other approaches that can be used to do this include sending follow-up emails to clients and engaging more with clients over social media avenues. Positive feedback is an indicator of good service, while negative feedback indicates that the service offered is substandard and appropriate measures need to be taken to improve. One challenge that can be associated with this approach is that some clients’ views may be biased or in some cases, clients may provide conflicting feedback.Making comparisons with competitors in the marketPerception of services at Fairuz is relative to clients’ perceptions of services in other neigh bouring restaurants. In this regard, Fairuz will only be the preferred choice if its service quality is considered to be netter than that of its competitors (Grigoroudis & Siskos, 2009). To obtain a competitive edge over other restaurants, Fairuz has to ensure that it utilizes customer feedback so as to align its services with the customer preferences. Due to the fact that customer tastes and preferences are prone to regular change, Fairuz also needs to carry out regular customer research by collection of customer feedback to decide on what changes it should consider making (Barnes, 2003). Through tertiary monitoring websites or by visiting its competitors’ social media sites, Fairuz can be able to identify the core strengths and weaknesses of its competitors. These will be instrumental in ensuring that makes its services better than those of its competitors (Kalluri & Kodali, 2013). However, whereas it is assumed that Fairuz is only in competition with restaurants of its lev el, there could be other bigger restaurants with unmatched capabilities that may be targeting the same clients. This poses a great threat to Fairuz.Using Technology to Improve Service QualityService quality in restaurants can be improved through incorporating several technological solutions. Whereas food is a major part or determinant of customer satisfaction, the whole experience of customers in the restaurant is also dependent on several factors (Tzeng & Chang, 2011). For instance, Fairoz can ease the process of making reservations by providing an option for it on its website. In addition, free Wi-Fi can be provided in the restaurant for clients who are interested in surfing the internet when having a meal at the restaurant. Technology can also be used in the collection of customer feedback, which is vital in improving the service quality at Fairuz. The most appropriate cost-effective approach that is relevant to the present-day customer is social media sites like Facebook and Twi tter (Tuten & Solomon, 2012). Fairuz has to consider subscribing and increasing its activity on social media to monitor customer feedback. Point of Sale (POS) systems are also ideal feedback collection systems for restaurants. Though the mentioned technologies improve the service experience of customers and can also be used by the company to improve its service production, there are certain disadvantages that may arise. For instance free Wi-Fi might expose some clients to internet threats, especially those who may be unaware of how to secure their information when online (Cheema & Papatla, 2010). Conclusion Service quality and service productivity are both vital for service based companies, which include restaurants. Therefore, as companies strive to increase their productivity, it is also necessary for them to ensure that service quality is also improved, and vice versa. This proposal has provided suggestions of approaches that can be used to improve service production and service quality at Fauruz, a small scale Lebanese restaurant that is based in London. The suggestions that have been presented include effective human resource management approaches, utilization of quality and production measurement approaches, and incorporating technology in the restaurant’s operations. Though these recommendations have a high potential of increasing service quality and productivity, some of the limitations associated with them have also been provided. Whereas this proposal has provided suggestions for Fairuz, they can also be applicable to other companies in the industry. References Allen, K.R., 2011. Launching New Ventures: An Entrepreneurial Approach. Mason: Cengage Learining. Assaf, A.G., Deery, M. & Jago, L., 2011. Evaluating the performance and scale characteristics of the Australian restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 35(4), pp.419-36. Barnes, J.G., 2003. Establishing Meaningful Customer relationships: Why some Companies and Brands Mean More to the Customers. Managing Service Quality, 13(3), pp.178-86. Bratton, J. & Gold, J., 2012. Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice (5th edition). London: Palgrave. Cheema, A. & Papatla, P., 2010. Relative importance of online versus offline information for Internet purchases: Product category and Internet experience effects. Journal of Business Research, 63(9), pp.979-85. Choi, S., Cheong, K.K. & Feinberg, R.A., 2012. Moderating effects of supervisor support, monetary rewards, and career paths on the relationship between job burnout and turnover intentions in the context of call centers. Managing Service Quality, 22(5), pp.492-516. Fairuz, 2014. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.fairuz.uk.com/pages/about_us.htm [Accessed 29 April 2014]. Grigoroudis, E. & Siskos, Y., 2009. Customer Satisfaction Evaluation: Methods for Measuring and Implementing Service Quality. London: Springer. Hartnett, H.P. et al., 2011. Employers’ perceptions of the benefits of workplace accommodations: Reasons to hire, retain and promote people with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 34(1), pp.17-23. Jang, J. & George, R.T., 2012. Understanding the influence of polychronicity on job satisfaction and turnover intention: A study of non-supervisory hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), pp.588-95. Kalluri, V. & Kodali, R., 2013. Benchmarking the Quality Function Deployment Models. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 20(6), pp.6-13. Katsigris, C. & Thomas, ?., 2008. Design and Equipment for Restaurants and Foodservice. New Jersy: John Wiley & Sons. Medeiros, C.O., Cavalli, S.B. & da Costa Proenca, R.P., 2012. Human resources administration processes in commercial restaurants and food safety: The actions of administrators. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), pp.667-74. O’Fallon, M.J. & Rutherford, ?.G., 2011. Hotel Management and Operations. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P. & Corti, V., 2013. Measuring hotel performance: Using a balanced scorecard perspectives’ approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, pp.150-59. Sloan, P., Legrand, ?. & Chen, ?.S., 2009. Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry. New Jersey: Routledge. Tuten, T.L. & Solomon, M.R., 2012. Social Media Marketing. New York: Prentice Hall. Tzeng, G.H. & Chang, H.F., 2011. Applying importance-performance analysis as a service quality measure in food service industry. Journal of technology management & innovation, 6(3), pp.106-15.

Culture in a Global Economy

Culture in a global economy is a critical factor in international business. While many business transactions make economic sense, the ability to successfully fulfill profitable relationships often depends on being able to reconcile international differences arising from separate cultures. Understanding cultural differences is an initial step, but managers also need to engage in learning processes to develop international cultural competence. Cross-cultural training enables managers to acquire both knowledge and skills to fulfill the role of cultural agents. Advancing cultural intelligence and international cultural competence is critical to the future success of managers and leaders working in a global context. Culture, as defined in Kroeber and Kluckhohn's classic, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, is the â€Å"patterned ways of thinking, feeling, and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i. e. , historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values† (1952). In international management research, Hofstede defined culture as â€Å"†¦the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from those of another† (1991). Many other definitions of culture are available. Common elements in the definitions are the shared and dynamic nature revolving around norms, values, and beliefs that are expressed in different behaviors, artifacts, and interactions. Within the context of international business, culture involves multiple levels that span from broad to narrow and different dimensions. On a broad level, supranational culture differences span multiple countries and include regional, ethnic, religious, and linguistic dimensions. On a national level, governments create sovereign boundaries to distinguish different nations with political and legal regulatory systems. In the business literature, most research on culture uses the nation-state as a proxy for culture. Other levels of analysis for culture include subcultures, as well as professional and organizational groups. In addition to various levels, culture also involves different dimensions. Four major classifications schemes provide frame-works for identifying international differences in culture. First, anthropologist Edward T. Hall (b. 1914) classified cultural differences along five different dimensions: time, space, things, friendships, and agreements. Second, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck developed a cultural orientations framework that identified six issues, with variations in each one: relation to nature, relationships among people, mode of human activity, belief about basic human nature, orientation to time, and use of space. Third, Hofstede's framework is one of the most prominent one in international management. He identified four major dimensions of cultural values—individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity—along with a fifth dimension subsequently identified as Confucian Dynamism, or long-term orientation. Finally, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner extended Hofstede's classification with seven dimensions that include universalism versus particularism, collectivism versus individualism, affective versus neutral relationships, specificity versus diffuseness, achievement versus ascription, orientation toward time, and internal versus external control. The four different classifications provide different and overlapping approaches to organize the many complex dimensions that make up culture. A major premise underlying the need for organizing different cultural dimensions is a means to avoid costly mistakes in conducting international business. The different classifications provide a map to make sense of the complex nature of culture. Important caveats to keep in mind are that each classification is not exhaustive and each one originates from a particular cultural perspective. Managers have to engage in learning processes with cross-cultural training to develop both cultural intelligence and international cultural competence. Cross-cultural training for international assignments encompasses a broad range of methods that may include area briefings, readings, lecture/discussions, language lessons, films, self-assessment exercises, role plays, field trips, sensitivity training, and cross-cultural simulations. Cross-cultural training also needs to be coordinated in multiple phases to maximize the learning effectiveness for individual managers and organizational performance. The three phases are predeparture orientation, in-country socialization, and country exit debriefing. The exit debriefing is important for organizational learning, and a knowledge management system can support the capture of the cultural lessons that are learned. Kim and Ofori-Dankwa described four major delivery methods for cross-cultural training: the intellectual model, the area simulation model, the self-awareness model, and the cultural awareness model. The intellectual model involves the traditional classroom approach of general readings and lecture. The area simulation model incorporates culture-specific activities (e. . , working in Japan or Mexico) with games and exercises. The self-awareness training method focuses on having participants identify their strengths and weaknesses in dealing with different cultures, especially taken-for-granted assumptions about intercultural situations. The cultural awareness model focuses on the theoretical foundation for behavioral differenc es across cultures. The key to effective cross-cultural training is the integration of multiple methods that allow a participant to move from simple to complex levels of learning with increasing levels of training rigor. The purpose of using multiple methods in cross-cultural training is to advance the learning process through the learning stages to develop cultural intelligence and international cultural competence. Cultural intelligence integrates the three interrelated elements of knowledge, mindfulness, and behavioral skills. International cultural competence goes a step further with a more complex skill set that integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning to effectively engage in successful cross-cultural relationships. International cultural competence is very similar to intercultural communication competence, which integrates three components: culture-specific understanding of the other, culture-general understanding, and positive regard of the other. Increasing one's ability to work effectively across cultures also provides positive support to address a range of adjustment issues for expatriates who often face culture shock in the acculturation process. Overall, the most important key of cultural intelligence and intercultural competence is the integration of multiple spheres of cross-cultural learning to effectively engage in international business situations. Effectiveness in reconciling cross-cultural differences often leads to creativity, innovation, and synergy for productive workplace performances. Although cross-cultural training supports global managers' ability to be effective, the learning process often moves through different stages of development. The different development stages of cultural intelligence are: (1) reactivity to external stimuli, (2) recognition of other cultural norms and motivation to learn more about them, (3) accommodation of other cultural norms and rules, (4) assimilation of diverse cultural norms into alternative behaviors, and (5) proactiveness in cultural behavior based on recognition of change cues that others do not perceive. Global managers with high levels of cultural intelligence and competence play important strategic roles as cultural agents (c-agents), helping their organizations to span international boundaries. C-agents require both the ability to navigate different cultures and the legitimacy from different cultural perspectives, including organizational and within the local community. Organizations have increasing needs for global managers to fill the role of c-agents because demands of globalization increasingly depend on successful relationships with strategic alliance partners, international vendors, and global customers. Within the global arena, national borders often form the defining entity for a culture. However, analysis of cultural differences needs to account for a range of diversity within a national culture. On a continuum of cultural diversity that ranges from homogenous to heterogeneous, Japan, Norway, and Poland are relatively more homogeneous when compared to India, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Britain, and Canada. The more heterogeneous societies encompass more distinctions between subcultures within the national borders. However, it is important to account for the fact that â€Å"almost no country is entirely homogeneous. The world's nearly 200 countries contain some 5000 ethnic groups. Two-thirds have at least one substantial minority—an ethnic or religious group that makes up at least 10 percent of the population. † In many ways, how a society addresses issues of multiculturalism creates an orientation that enables its citizens to live and work together in a global community. Cultural norms shaped by national government policies will need to avoid and dismantle policies for separation (keeping different cultural identities but not integrated) or assimilation (forced rejection of traditional cultural identity to integrate into dominant identity) in order to adopt new approaches of multiculturalism. Important principles for multicultural policies center on promoting tolerance and cultural understanding to respect diversity, recognize multiple identities, and build common bonds of membership to the local community. In the future globalization will continue to increase the flow and interactions of people across cultures, which surfaces even more international differences. Understanding the different dimensions of culture provides an initial knowledge base to develop cultural intelligence and competence for effective international business relationships. However, global managers require cross-cultural training to advance their learning and growth in cultural intelligence and competence as they take on international assignments. More importantly, organizations will have an increasing need for global managers to become c-agents to develop effective international relationships. In addition, government leaders have opportunities to shape their national culture and support international competitiveness with new multiculturalism policies that promote both the inclusion of multiple cultural identities and the development of local communities in an era of globalization.

pangaea essays

pangaea essays Since its early beginnings some 4.6 billion years ago, the earth has been constantly changing its face. Oceans have become deserts and what was once mountainous terrain has found itself submerged in salt water oceans. Underwater volcanoes create new surfaces daily which one day may host a new species of life. It is this metamorphic nature of the earth that interests geologists and paleontologists the world over. What was the appearance of the primitive earth? What changes must have taken place that resulted in the earth we know today? These are some of the questions that scientists have been addressing for years. There has been much speculation about the structural origins of the earth. The most thought-provoking being the idea that at one stage in the earths history all the continents were joined together to form a single mass of land. Francis Bacon first hypothesized the idea in the 1620s, focusing on the parallel shores of South America and Africa. But it wasnt until 1910 when Alfred Wegener scientifically considered the matter of a supercontinent which he called Pangea (Stokes, 1973). Since this time, scientists have argued for and against Wegeners explanation of Pangea. Today skeptics still argue the idea even in the face of overwhelming scientific data. Fossil, geologic and paleomagnetic data clearly validate Wegeners hypothesis- proving the existence of the super continent. Wegener first envisioned that the landmass of Pangea split apart and assumed the current continental positions. The driving force behind this magnificent change was what Wegener called continental drift. As geological evidence to support the idea of continental drift he used the good fit of South America and Africa (Stokes, 1973), which suggests that the two continents used to be joined or were in close proximity to one another. Opponents to continental drift believed that there was no m...

Woodro Wilson a Good President essays

Woodro Wilson a Good President essays During Woodrow Wilson's two terms in office he showed to be a great democratic leader in many areas. He managed to accomplish a lot. Wilson always looked for changes and improvements. As president he was never afraid to show a bit of a radical side when it came to making changes. He was constantly pushing for world peace and the avoidance of World War I. Even though he was unsuccessful in avoiding the war he showed to be a great leader during it. He never gave up on anything he was trying to do. When he first became president he pushed for equality of opportunity for all men, no matter if they were rich or poor. He presented many new proposals to congress and often he presented these new proposals in person. Wilson also created new agencies such as the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Trade Commission. He was also responsible for the ratification of the 18th Amendment. In 1920 during his second term, he passed the 19th Amendment which allowed women to vote. During this time he was also pressured by the southerners to allow segregation in Washington D.C. He said that this would be in the best interests of the blacks. Woodrow Wilson did how ever show weaknesses during his presidency. During World War I he often took his time in making decisions. He wanted to make sure that there wasn't any other way to avoid the war. This was good that he was looking out after the interest of the country, but it could also have made the war worse. Wilson did show a strong side in one area, world peace. All through his first term he aimed to prevent World War I. This was the war that was known as "the ware that would end all wars". He kept the U.S. neutral and often visited other countries trying to get them to agree on peace. Keeping the U.S. out of war was a great accomplishment and helped him win the 1916 election. But during his second term he found that he could not avoid the war any longer. The German's had said ...

How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases

How to Cut Down on Your Cars Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases, responsible for global climate change, are emitted in large part from the combustion of fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas. Most of the emissions from fossil fuels come from power plants, but second ranked is transportation. In addition to carbon dioxide, motor vehicles release particulate pollution, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Maybe you have already adjusted many aspects of your lifestyle to reduce your carbon footprint, including installing LED lights, turning down the thermostat, and eating less meat. However, in your driveway sits glaring evidence of one source of greenhouse gas that you could not get rid of: your car. For many of us, especially in rural areas, bicycling or walking to school and to work may not be an option, and public transportation may simply not be available. Do not fret; there are still actions you can take to lower the pollution and greenhouse gas emissions you produce when driving. Fuel Economy vs. Emissions We generally assume a vehicle with better fuel economy will also release fewer harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases. The correlation generally holds true, with a few caveats. Decades-old vehicles were built under much more relaxed emissions regulations and can be prodigious pollution producers despite a relatively modest thirst for fuel. Similarly, you may be getting 80 miles per gallon on that old two-stroke scooter, but that smoke will contain much more harmful pollutants, much of it from partially burned gasoline. And then there are the cars with emission control systems releasing illegal amounts of pollution, like those finger-pointed during the infamous Volkswagen small diesel engine scandal. The obvious place to start to reduce emissions, of course, is by choosing a modern vehicle with the best possible fuel economy. Models can be compared using a handy web tool put together by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Be realistic about your needs: how many times a year will you really need a pick-up truck, sport-utility vehicle, or minivan? Performance is another fuel economy killer, but if you really want a sportier car, favor a four-cylinder model with a turbocharger instead of a larger six or eight (or twelve!) cylinder car. The turbo kicks in on demand, with the more frugal four cylinders doing the work the rest of the time. Manual vs. Automatic Not so long ago manual transmissions provided better fuel economy than automatic transmissions. It was a good excuse for those who love to row their own gears but modern automatic transmissions, which now have 5, 6, and even more gears, provide better mileage. Continuous Variable Transmissions (CVT) are even better at maintaining the engine’s revolutions at the right speed, beating even the most skilled stick-shift enthusiasts. Older Car, Newer Car Older cars were designed and constructed in the context of emission regulations that were much less restrictive than they are today. Much improvement has been made in the 1960s, with the development of the catalytic converter and fuel injection, but it wasn’t until the soaring gas prices in the 1970s that real fuel efficiency gains were made. Amendments to the Clean Air Act gradually improved car emissions starting in 1990, with important gains made in 2004 and 2010. Generally, a more recent car will have better technology to reduce emissions including electronic direct fuel injection, smarter electronic control units, lower drag coefficient, and improved transmissions. Maintenance You probably heard this one before: simply keeping your tires inflated to the proper level will save you in fuel costs. Under-inflated tires will cost you as much as 3% in fuel costs, according to the DOE. Maintaining proper pressure will also improve your stopping distance, reduce risks of skidding, rollovers, and blowouts. Check for the appropriate pressure on a sticker located in the jam of the driver-side door; do not refer to the pressure value printed on the tire sidewall. Replace your engine air filter at the interval specified in your owner’s manual, or more frequently if you drive in especially dusty conditions. The dirtier your air filter is, the more fuel you will use. Do not ignore lit check engine lights, even when you feel like the car is operating normally. Often the emissions control system is a fault, which means you are polluting more than usual. Bring the car to your mechanic for a proper diagnostic, it may save you from more expensive damage later on. Car Modifications After-market performance modifications abound in some types of cars – louder exhaust pipes, modified air intakes, reprogrammed fuel injection. All those features increase your engine’s fuel needs, so get rid of them or better yet don’t install them in the first place. Larger tires and suspension lifts need to go too. Roof racks and cargo boxes should be put away when not in use, as they severely affect fuel economy, especially on smaller cars. Empty your car trunk too, as it takes extra fuel to carry around that golf bag you never have time to get out, or those crates of books you’ve been meaning to drop off at the thrift store. What’s Your Driving Style? Driving behavior is another place where you can make a big difference in your emissions and fuel use without spending any money. Slow down: according to AAA, going 60 mph instead of 70 mph on a 20-mile commute will save you 1.3 gallons on average over the work week. Accelerate and stop gently, and coast while you can. Keep your windows up to reduce drag; even running the air conditioning requires less energy. Letting your car idle in the morning is unnecessary, uses fuel, and produces useless emissions. Instead, gently warm up your engine by accelerating smoothly and keeping a lower speed until your car reaches its operating temperature.

Discuss the effects of hazardous materials on the fire service Essay

Discuss the effects of hazardous materials on the fire service - Essay Example They are produced due to incidents in plants or other such activities. There are a large number of hazardous materials that are used as chemicals in various walks of life such as in agriculture or cultivation of land. These chemicals get dissolved in the soil and contaminate the water sources as well as compromise the hygiene. The waste from the industries is also a main source of increasing amount of hazardous materials in the environment. These wastes are discharged in rivers, seas, and oceans hence polluting the water sources as well as the aquatic life. In order to understand the effect of hazardous material we must take into considerations the main causes of these hazards, the ways in which they can affect the human body, the precautions that must be taken in order to perform a safe rescue operation during fire service and also the handling of the situation from the beginning to the end with correct decisions and safety as the prime concern. Contamination is simply defined as the contact of a hazardous material with the clothes or some part of a body such as hair, skin e.t.c. while exposure happens when a hazardous material enters a human body through respiration or other means or is in direct contact with human body. To avoid these issues fire service men are provided an apparatus and special kind of clothing that resists exposure as well as contamination. Exposure can happen without contamination however in certain case contamination usually results in exposure unless only the clothing is affected by the hazardous material. For example many gases can enter a human body without coming in contact with the parts of the body or the clothing through the process of respiration or breathing. The human skin has an ability to absorb certain substances which it comes in contact with. But this depends upon certain conditions namely the time for which the substance comes in contact with the skin. If a hazardous material comes

International Business Marketing Case Analysi Essay

International Business Marketing Case Analysi - Essay Example The company is headed by David Glass and Don Soderquist who are concerned about company’s performance and its adverse impact on the stock value and some other challenges faced by the corporation such as labor unions, discrimination and cost controversies. Wal-Mart’s major competitors are Kmart, Sears and most importantly Target which is also a firmly established company in the United States with around 1500 stores in 47 States.. Wal-Mart has always stayed ahead of the market through its heavy investment in technology and through its diversification of products which has improved the efficiency and effectiveness of work. Its strengths outweighs its weaknesses and there are a lot of opportunities for the company to grow further. In order to regain its stock performance the company has to re evaluate its strategies and come up with an effective plan. Gain public support and invest in public relations, resolve the discontent and clear misunderstandings among the consumers related to work and the reputation of the company. The company should increase their customer base by changing their store formats by focusing on demographics. Keep the employee morale high and continue with the Sam Walton’s policies and style of leadership. Wal-Mart is the world’s largest public corporation and the leading business enterprise and grocery retailer in the United States till this day. Its head quarters are based in Bentonville, Arkansas. It has gained phenomenal success in the retailing business since the year 1962 when it was founded by Sam Walton, the man behind the success of this brand. It was Sam’s capability and leadership qualities that he laid the foundation of Wal-Mart so strong that his practices and values are being followed even today by the team of Wal-Mart headed by David Glass and Don Soderquist, the CEO and the COO who have been successful in living up to the expectations of Walton by bringing tremendous success to the corporation in the form of

Polymath a Man of Many Talents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Polymath a Man of Many Talents - Research Paper Example A person of great stature can be a tragic hero not anyone else and these guidelines were followed by almost all the great writers, this goes to show a lot about Aristotle and his achievements. William Shakespeare also incorporated Aristotle’s guidelines in his tragedies. Hamlet is a classic example of the same, Hamlet suffers all along in the tragedy, he was the tragic hero because he was a person with great stature, the Prince of Denmark. Aristotle also wrote about tragic flaws and how the same affected the tragic hero. This paper will shed more light upon the life and the philosophy of one and only Aristotle. â€Å"Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: Aristotle's works shaped centuries of philosophy from Late Antiquity through the Renaissance, and even today continue to be studied with keen, non-antiquarian interest. A prodigious researcher and wr iter, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering as many as two-hundred treatises, from which approximately thirty-one survive.† (Aristotle) Aristotle’s Philosophy Procrastination can be sustained by rational decisions and this can even be applied on an addict in order to cure him of his addiction. Intransitive preferences, comprehensively throws light upon our delays which may seem to be irrational and it also expansively presents our preference for rewards which we may get immediately; it also presents our regrets later for having made our choice. A report that is due on Thursday is only worked upon on Tuesday or Wednesday but not Monday and this goes to show the theory of intransitive preference, this procrastination and the belief in working upon the report tomorrow is what this theory is all about. This paper will expansively present the concept of aesthetics, the story of David and the choice that he made will also be analyzed in this paper. A complete round-up of how people choose and rate a piece of art will be provided in this paper. Imagination takes centre stage when it comes to deciding a piece of art or any beautiful thing for that matter. Understanding is seldom used when we decide about a beautiful piece of art and this also gives rise to cognition. A judgment of taste has nothing to do with our understanding or logic, it is all about aesthetic sense and whatever appeals to our aesthetic sense is appreciated and chosen by us. When it is accepted that a masterpiece is beautiful, it is contemplated upon and people unanimously conclude that it is beautiful, how it is judged in our contemplation is what matters the most. For instance, if someone is asked to comment about a very huge and a beautiful palace, he might not even be interested in such huge palaces and would conclude by saying that the hard-earned money of the people must never be squandered in building such superfluous buildings. It is suggested that we have to be indifferent when it comes to judging matters of taste only then can we do justice to it. Aristotle’s Thoughts on Aesthetic Judgment Concepts like agreeable and non agreeable are very important when it comes to judging a work of art or for that matter any other work that involves the use of aesthetic sense.  

Affluent Society 1950 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Affluent Society 1950 - Term Paper Example During the World War, Roosevelt declared Detroit as Arsenal of Democracy. Most of the American males were involved in War and women were also called to develop weapons in Arsenal of democracy. Subsequently, unemployed had already dropped suddenly. On the other hand, America fortunately did not lose much of its assets during war. As the World War ended American businessman saw an open world to market it out whatever goods they could make. Rest of the world was somehow under deep requirements to overcome from damages that had hurt international economy quite badly. As DeGrasse (1981) puts factually: Before the World War, United States was mired in the great depression. Unemployment which had been as high as 24.9 in 1933 still averaged 14.6 in 1944. During the World War unemployment dropped rapidly. In 1942 it averaged 4.7 and in 1944 it reaches wartime 1.2. As a result, a number of populations had got various jobs in overwhelming economy that created a booming middle class. Earlier thi s boom could not be recognized so clearly. However, as American Business expanded through the world, this class continued to spread. Further, it became the base of future economic and marketing development of American society which helped America to soon reach at the status of an economic superpower.

Testiong prior to marriage Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Testiong prior to marriage - Personal Statement Example By conducting the test, it allows the person to control and treat the disease medically before it infects the other person (Shmerling, 2012). Different states in America have their law and requirements that are mandatory for a couple to fulfill before marriage. Blood testing is considered essential in some states such as New York, Mississippi, Montana and District of Columbia. However, in Illinois, it is not mandatory to conduct medical testing prior to marriage. This law has not been effective in this state; although it has remained debatable that whether a couple should conduct a medical test prior to their marriage or not? The issue of medical tests prior to marriage has been solved in the light of Islamic fiqh. Different Islamic scholars have permitted the tests in the light and judgment of fiqh of Muwazannat after estimating the pros and cons of the tests (Al-Bar, 1991). However, it should be made mandatory by the law and the society to conduct the

Affluent Society 1950 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Affluent Society 1950 - Term Paper Example During the World War, Roosevelt declared Detroit as Arsenal of Democracy. Most of the American males were involved in War and women were also called to develop weapons in Arsenal of democracy. Subsequently, unemployed had already dropped suddenly. On the other hand, America fortunately did not lose much of its assets during war. As the World War ended American businessman saw an open world to market it out whatever goods they could make. Rest of the world was somehow under deep requirements to overcome from damages that had hurt international economy quite badly. As DeGrasse (1981) puts factually: Before the World War, United States was mired in the great depression. Unemployment which had been as high as 24.9 in 1933 still averaged 14.6 in 1944. During the World War unemployment dropped rapidly. In 1942 it averaged 4.7 and in 1944 it reaches wartime 1.2. As a result, a number of populations had got various jobs in overwhelming economy that created a booming middle class. Earlier thi s boom could not be recognized so clearly. However, as American Business expanded through the world, this class continued to spread. Further, it became the base of future economic and marketing development of American society which helped America to soon reach at the status of an economic superpower.

Nursing Informatics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Nursing Informatics - Coursework Example Nurses must integrate the nursing informatics into their professional lives to enable them develop their nursing systems for specific needs such as in the psychiatry department. Restructuring of job descriptions helps the health workers perform their roles with great competence due to their specialization and advanced skills in their department. For instance, there are nurses involved with health education, mental health counseling, and occupation health among others. The long care support and services training facilitate knowledge to make sure that the patient receives high-quality service and promote the independence of individuals who are beneficiaries of the service. A performance appraisal for health care nurses is very important as rewarding them boosts their morale to provide high-quality services (Careeronestop.org, 2015). The nurse performance appraisal tools assist in determining the key areas of responsibility in which each nurse can perform perfectly. The techniques involve getting the information and rating each nurse with respect to the dedication and contribution to the organization, which helps to make judgments when promoting. The nursing s uch as the dressing code policy, confidentiality, and commitment policies are important in ensuring quality services for the patients. Some other professional guidelines are keeping short nails, avoiding the use of strong fragrances, and sometimes-personal cell phones are not around during the care for the patients. Electronic health records and use of computers is important for all health professionals, especially the nurses. Micron technology (MU) enables the use of charts to pass information such as patient preferred pharmacy prescriptions, which can be sent to the pharmacy after the patient is discharged. The other important part of the Mu that facilitates quality health services is the

Divine Justice In King Lear Essay Example for Free

Divine Justice In King Lear Essay King Lear inspires many philosophical questions; chief among them is the existence of divine justice. This concept was particularly important during the Elizabethan era, because religion played such a significant role in everyday life. Religious leaders directed people to expect that they would have to answer to a higher authority, expressing some hope that good would triumph and be rewarded over evil. But throughout King Lear, good does not triumph without honorable characters suffering terrible loss. In fact, at the plays conclusion, many of the good characters lie dead on the stageLear, Gloucester, and Cordelia. In addition, the audience hears that Kent will soon die, and the Fool has earlier disappeared, presumably to die. Of course, the evil characters are also dead, but their punishment is to be expected according to the laws of divine justice. But how then does the audience account for the punishment and, finally, the death of the good characters in King Lear? Lear makes several poor choices, most importantly in misjudging the sincerity of his daughters words; but when he flees out into the open heath during a storm, his madness seems a painful and excessive punishment to witness. Parallel to Lears punishment is that which Gloucester suffers. The plucking of Gloucesters eyes can be perceived as another instance in which divine justice is lacking. Gloucester has made several errors in judgment, as has Lear; but the brutal nature of Gloucesters blindingthe plucking out of his eyes and the crushing of them under Cornwalls bootsis surely in excess of any errors he might have made. Both Lear and Gloucester endure terrible physical and mental suffering as punishment for their misjudgment, but before dying, both men are reunited with the child each earlier rejected. This resolution of the child-parent conflict, which earlier tore apart both families, may be seen as an element of divine justice, although it offers little gratification for the audience. Throughout King Lear, the audience has witnessed Edmunds growing success as a reward for his evil machinations. But when Edgar and Edmund meet in Act V, the duel between these two brothers is very different from the traditional match for sport. Christian tradition recalls several biblical battles  between good and evil, as divine justice is an important component of trial by combat. The duel between Edgar and Edmund is really a conflict that replays this ongoing battle between good and evil, with Edgars defeat of Edmund obviously signaling the triumph of righteousness over corruption. Edgars victory, as well as his succession of Lear, as king of Britain, points to an intervention of divine justice. And yet, when Lear enters with Cordelias body, any immediate ideas about divine justice vanish. The deaths of Cornwall, Edmund, Regan, and Goneril have lulled the audience into a belief that the gods would restore order to this chaotic world. But Cordelias death creates new questions about the role of divine justice; a just god could not account for the death of this faithful and loving daughter. In spite of the seemingly senseless death of this young woman, Shakespeare never intended for his audience to escape the painful questions that Cordelias death creates. Instead, the audience is expected to struggle with the question of why such tragedies occur. The deaths of Gloucester and Lear are acceptable. Both have made serious errors in judgment, and although both came to recognize their complicity in the destruction that they caused, the natural resolution of this change was an acceptance of their future, whatever it held. But Cordelia is young and blameless. She is completely good and pure. At the plays conclusion, the stage is littered with bodies, some deserving of death and some the innocent victims of evil. Cornwall has been destroyed by his own honest servant; Edmund is killed by the brother he sought to usurp; both Goneril and Regan are dead, one murdered and the other a suicide; the obedient steward, Oswald, is dead, a victim of his own compulsion to obey. In the end, no easy answer surfaces to the question of divine justice, except that perhaps man must live as if divine justice exists, even if its only a product of rich and wishful imaginations.

Creative Writing Piece on Friendship

Creative Writing Piece on Friendship ‘TIL THE END February 14th, 2014 As I filled my last luggage, I looked around my, now empty, room. My last hour here, in New York. I guess it didn’t matter anymore, since all my friends had left me; they all turned their backs on me when I needed them the most. On the bright side, my departure would be less painful, since there was no one to be missed. It was a bright sunny day of August and I was moving; to start a new life in California. We had been driving for four straight hours now, and there was no turning back. I was sitting in the passenger seat alongside my mother, who was driving silently. The last few months had been very dark, filled with sadness. Ever since the incident, we had barely said a word to each other, for the time had been too painful to even think. â€Å"This is it,† she smiled. â€Å"Our new home. The moving trucks will arrive soon, so go ahead, go take a look at your new room. I got the whole house painted a while ago, your room is a light cream color, just as you love.† â€Å"Thank you.† I gently hugged her, and entered the house to find my beloved room. Even if the house was a lot smaller than my older one, this room was bigger. Indeed, the color she chose was gorgeous. â€Å"This is the start of something new,† I thought. â€Å"Meet new people, make new memories, and forget the old ones that haunt me.† My thoughts disconnected when the doorbell rang. â€Å"Probably the moving trucks,† I thought, going downstairs to open the door. To my surprise, there stood a boy, probably my age, smiling. â€Å"Hey, I’m Scott, and I’m your new neighbour,† he smiled, warmly. â€Å"I’m Paige, nice to meet you,† I smiled back. He had crystal clear, blue eyes, lightly ruffled brown hair, and an irresistible smile. He was a little taller than me, which made me look up every time he spoke. â€Å"Do you want me to show you around?† He asked, politely. â€Å"I don’t-â€Å" â€Å"Sure she can!† My mother cut me off. â€Å"Paige, just be home by supper.† And out I was, with a guy I barely knew, wondering around the streets of a town I barely knew. â€Å"This is the park I often go to with my friends,† he pointed out to a cute little playground, with a vast area of grass. â€Å"Do you have a lot of friends?† â€Å"I have a few,† he laughed. â€Å"Oh, and, this is the school I go to, probably the one you’ll be attending, too, since it’s the only one around.† I looked up at him, and smiled. Why couldn’t we have more guys as sweet as him in my old town? Most of them were jerks. â€Å"By the way, how old are you?† He asked. â€Å"I’m fifteen, but I’ll be sixteen in a few days, but, you know, whatever,† I laughed. â€Å"You?† â€Å"I’m sixteen. I actually turned that age a few days ago!† â€Å"That’s great! Happy late birthday, I guess,† I giggled. â€Å"Thanks.† As we walked back home, I couldn’t have felt happier. I just hoped my mother wouldn’t ask too many questions. â€Å"Your mom told you to be home by supper, so here you are. See you around then?† He smiled. â€Å"See you around,† I smiled back. Luckily, my mother didn’t ask too many questions. The rest of the week went by very quickly, and I didn’t even get to see Scott again. The next thing I knew, it was my first day at a new school. As I stepped outside, I noticed him sitting on my porch. â€Å"You didn’t really think I was going to let you go to school alone on your first day?† He got up. â€Å"Actually, I did. But I’d definitely love to walk to school with you,† I smiled. During the whole walk, he spent most of the time asking me about my home town, but never asked about my friends. â€Å"So, what do your friends think about this whole moving thing?† The only question I didn’t want to answer. Crap. â€Å"Well, um, you see†¦ I don’t really have any friends. They all left me after, um, something happened.† â€Å"What happened?† He looked confused. â€Å"It’s a long story.† I barely knew him. Could I trust him? Yet, he was my only friend. He stopped. â€Å"We have time,† he smiled. â€Å"Classes don’t start until an hour from now. I checked my schedule, and we’re in most of the same classes, by the way,† He smiled. â€Å"Well, um†¦ Basically, my father left town for a week, for a business trip. Three days after his departure, someone he worked with called us, and told us that he, um†¦ He died. A heart attack.† Oh god, my eyes were already teary. Surprisingly, he wrapped me in his arms. â€Å"You’ve never told anyone before me, huh? It shows†¦ Your emotions. Don’t worry, I’ll never leave your side.† He squeezed me tighter. I felt secure in his arms. After wiping away my tears, and fixing my mascara using my phone as a mirror, we continued our walk to school. It was huge. The walls were tall and full of colourful designs; my old school was nothing compared to this. â€Å"What do you think?† he asked. â€Å"I think I think it’s amazing! I hope the people here are just as great,† I joked. â€Å"Um Depends who,† he laughed. I guessed that was reassuring. He showed me around, and then led me to my locker. It wasn’t far from his, so I at least knew someone nearby. During the two first periods, we didn’t do much in class. The teacher introduced me to everyone, and made me talk a bit about where I came from. A few people came to talk to me, which was really sweet. One girl, Angel, helped me to organize my locker according to my schedule, and helped me around when Scott wasn’t there. Scott. He was probably with his friends, which I haven’t met yet. They must be cool. â€Å"Paige, do you want to have lunch with me, today? Well, me and my friends,† Angel asked. â€Å"Um, sure! I’ll just go tell Scott to not look for me.† â€Å"Scott, huh? Yeah, he’s a really nice guy.† She smiled. â€Å"Indeed, he is,† I smiled back. Then I left to go find him. He was at his locker, and to my surprise, he was alone. â€Å"Scott! Hey!† I approached his locker. â€Å"Oh, hey. How were your first classes?† He asked. â€Å"They were cool. I met a girl, Angel Well, I’m actually going to have lunch with her!† â€Å"Oh, um, really?† He looked at me. â€Å"I I thought Um, anyway, just Her friends Be careful. She’s sweet, but the others† He stopped. â€Å"What about the others?† â€Å"I don’t like to judge. Have a nice lunch, though, see you soon.† Then, he left. What was wrong with him? Anyway, I left to go find Angel, who was sitting with four other girls. â€Å"Hey, Paige! Over here!† Angel shouted. I smiled, and walked to her table. As I sat next to her, one of her friends whispered to another. â€Å"That’s the new girl, right?† â€Å"Yeah I didn’t think Angel would actually go talk to her Urgh, that girl is too sweet And that wasn’t a compliment.† â€Å"Why is the new girl even eating with us?† â€Å"Well, I’m pretty sure she doesn’t have any friends here She probably won’t make any, either.† Then they laughed. They thought I couldn’t hear them, but I could. And it felt like my old high school all over again. â€Å"Paige Are you alright?† Angel looked at me. I couldn’t hold back the tears anymore, this was too much. â€Å"I I’m sorry, I have to go.† And with that, I left the cafeteria, my face dripping with soaked mascara, trying to find a place to hide. â€Å"Paige Paige! PAIGE, SLOW DOWN!† I heard someone scream. Then, someone grabbed my arm, and turned me around; It was Scott. â€Å"Don’t Scott† My breathing was uneven. â€Å"What happened? Wait Don’t answer that The girls, huh?† I was incapable of saying a single word. I just looked up at him, trying to wipe away the tears. â€Å"That’s what happens when you don’t listen to my warning† He giggled, and wrapped me in his arms. We stayed like that, until someone came. â€Å"Oh god, Paige! I’m so sorry about my friends They always do that to the new kids I should’ve just spent my lunch time with you, alone! I Wait, am I interrupting something?† She smirked. â€Å"No, oh, no, haha! It’s fine, I don’t blame you,† I smiled. She gave me a gentle squeeze. â€Å"Tomorrow. Just the three of us,† she winked, and then left. The rest of the day went perfectly fine, with my new friends. Actually, the six months that followed were probably the best six months I’ve ever lived. Scott and I become extremely close, to the point where I started to feel something for him. That feeling made me a little uncomfortable, since we were only friends. Yet, he didn’t seem to be himself, lately, either†¦. Today, a Saturday, we were going to spend the day together, Scott and I. He said he had something important to tell me†¦. I wonder what†¦ Just then, someone knocked on the door. â€Å"Hey!† He chirped. â€Å"Hey,† I smiled. I told my mother that I was leaving, then left with Scott to a park nearby. We sat on the bench, and stayed there, in an awkward silence, for about five minutes. â€Å"Scott, what was that important thing you needed to tell me?† I asked. â€Å"Um, well, um†¦ Listen†¦ I†¦ I just†¦ Would you†¦ I mean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What? At that moment, I felt his hands turn my face against his, and gently pressing his lips against mine. It felt like an explosion of paradise†¦ And questioning. â€Å"Scott, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’m sorry, I shouldn’t have. You see, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was extremely nervous, but it was cute. â€Å"Yes, Scott, I’ll be your girlfriend,† I giggled. At that moment, his face lit up like I had never seen him before. â€Å"But, the thing is†¦ We’ve known each other for six months, only†¦ But I am willing to try, because I love you,† I smiled. I had never said these three last words to a guy in my life, and somehow it felt good. â€Å"I’m glad. And, I love you, too,† he blushed, then gave me a quick kiss on the cheek. Honestly, I had no idea how these relationship things worked, but I guessed that I’d just have to follow his lead. After a few weeks of being together, we finally went public. To my surprise, no one, or almost, judged us, not even Angel’s brat gang. Although, going public didn’t mean trying to make everyone jealous or uncomfortable. It meant not being shy or afraid to hold hands, or even kiss, around other people. When I talked about us to other people, it almost sounded like a perfect fairytale couple, even thought we weren’t. We fought a few times, nothing extravagant. I can’t imagine myself without him. Yet, another part of me knows we’re only sixteen, and I feel like that doesn’t really bother him†¦ â€Å"Hey, Paige,† said Scott, as he came over to me and kissed me. â€Å"Hey,† I smiled. â€Å"Listen, I have something to ask you, and I’ve been wanting to ask you for a very long time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes?† What now? â€Å"Will†¦ Will you love me†¦ Forever?† Oh, god, what kind of a question was that? I can’t possibly†¦ â€Å"Scott,† I chuckled. â€Å"We’re only sixteen, remember? I love you, a lot, but you know†¦ Anything can change between now and later†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What else could I say? â€Å"I know, but still†¦ Please answer my question. Will you love me, forever?† Damn, he was determined. â€Å"I†¦ I don’t know, Scott. Please ask me some other time.† He looked down. â€Å"Alright. Well, I have to get going, I have, um, stuff to do.† With that, he left me, standing on my porch, alone, wondering about what just happened. Later that night, I tried to message him, but he never replied. Maybe he was really busy? I tried to concentrate on something else, to get my mind off things. As I took out a piece of blank paper and a pencil, I heard a loud gun shot, not far from where I was standing. â€Å"Mom? What’s going on?† I asked, rushing downstairs. â€Å"It’s nothing, honey. Probably just some loud thunder. Now, please, go back to your room.† I barely had the chance to speak, that I was already in my room. As I laid in my bed, I wondered†¦ What happened? Where did that gunshot come from? I hoped it didn’t come from Scott’s house†¦ Then, I fell asleep. I woke up the next morning with a disastrous call from Angel. â€Å"PAIGE! IT’S IMPORTANT!† Angel yelled. â€Å"What’s more important than my sleep?† I yawned. â€Å"Scott.† She answered. No way. That gunshot, it couldn’t be†¦ â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"He†¦ Last night, a robber barged in his house†¦ Scott tried to defend himself, and get the guy out†¦ And he was armed†¦ He†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She cut her breathing. â€Å"He got shot, Paige. Scott got shot, and he’s in the hospital.† â€Å"No, this can’t be possible! No, please, please tell me this is a lie!† I cried. â€Å"I’m so sorry, Paige†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She sniffed. â€Å"No. I have to go, sorry. I’ll talk to you later, okay?† I tried to keep myself from falling apart. â€Å"It’s fine, take all the time you need, I’ll be here.† â€Å"Thank you, I love you.† With that I hook up, and rushed out the house to the nearest bus that could take me to the General Hospital. â€Å"Scott†¦ Where is Scott Adams?† I shouted. There was no point in staying calm. I couldn’t. â€Å"You must me Paige. He’s right here, follow me. Beware though, he just came out of surgery so he won’t be looking so good.† This couldn’t be happening. 8 months of happiness, and this how it all crashes down. I can’t lose another person. As I walked into the room, I noticed his mother waiting outside the room, with a bunch of tissues filling her puffed face. â€Å"Scott! Oh, Scott, please be alright,† I said, worriedly. â€Å"Paige†¦ I’m fine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He tried to smile. â€Å"Don’t†¦ You’ll be out in a week, right? Back home, smiling, talking long walks in the streets, holding hands†¦ All that fun stuff, in a week,† I tried to cheer him up. All he managed to do was smile. He was barely able to do anything. That gunshot hit him too hard, as hard I would want to hit the guy who did this. For the rest of the week, I visited him, everyday after school, until very late at night. I couldn’t stand seeing him like this, yet I didn’t want to leave his side, in case they were my last moments with him. Angel has been helping me a lot, trying to get my spirit back up, but it was useless. Everyday, I brought him a red flower, reminding him that my love stands by his side. He was strong, and I was sure he would be able to face this. On Friday, after school, I went to see him, like I did every other day. As I was about to enter the room, the nurse stopped me. â€Å"Miss Brooks, I just wanted to tell you that Scott will be fine, he’s weak, but he’s getting better,† she smiled. â€Å"Thank you, this makes me feel a lot less stressed,† I grinned. She smiled, and left. â€Å"Did you hear that, Scott? You’ll be alright! You’re getting better, and soon you’ll be out of here,† I said, cheerfully. â€Å"Paige, I†¦ No, I won’t make it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His voice was fading. â€Å"What? No, you’ll be fine, please stay with me, okay? It’s going to be fine.† I took his hand, and gently squeezed it. â€Å"I love you, Paige†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His eyes were slowly shutting. â€Å"No, shut up, don’t say that, please. Don’t think like that, you’ll be fine, I†¦ The nurse said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I was extremely worried. â€Å"The nurse came while I was sleeping, she couldn’t tell†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His eyes slowly shut, and his hand started to cool. â€Å"No, no, don’t†¦ Please, Scott,† I couldn’t take this. â€Å"I’m sorry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He whispered. â€Å"Yes,† I slowly approached his ear. â€Å"Yes, I will love you forever.† He smiled slowly, as his heart rate slowed, too. At that moment, his chest stopped moving, his eyes shut, along with the rest of him. This couldn’t be. He couldn’t be gone. â€Å"Scott! Scott, please wake up! Someone, help, he just†¦ He just†¦ He’s dead,† I cried, loudly. Tears poured down my face, as I couldn’t control my emotions. The doctors came rushing in, checking his pulse, trying to get him going again, but it was no use. The doctor turned to me, shaking his head, as a sign he was gone, forever. The doctors took him away, and I was too shocked to even breathe. I couldn’t hear anything, except for my heart beating faster than ever. â€Å"Paige†¦ Paige! Paige, we have to go,† Angel shook me. â€Å"I came here as soon as I got the news. It’s very tragic, but you can’t stay here forever.† â€Å"No!† I protested. â€Å"I don’t want to leave! This is a dream, he’s not dead! He’s not! I’ll wake up tomorrow morning with a cute text from him telling me how much he loves me, and I’ll smile, just like every time he texts me. This is just a dream. Angel, please tell me that this is just a dream,† I sobbed. â€Å"It’s†¦ It’s not, Paige. I’m sorry,† she hugged me. I cried even louder. It’s over. He’s gone. I’ve lost two of the most important people in my life during the past year, and I just couldn’t bear it. Angel walked me to her car, and drove us to her house. Four days later, it was time for the funeral. I had to do a speech, and I wasn’t sure if I could make it. As they called my name, Angel gave me a quick hug, and helped me get up and go to the microphone. â€Å"Um†¦ Scott Adams was probably the best thing that has ever happened to me. He was the first person I met when I arrived here. He was also my only friend, at first. His smile was contagious, and he could make anyone smile, even during their darkest days. He was a special guy, someone I’ll never forget, someone I’ll never replace. At first, seeing him disappear in front of me was probably the worst thing ever. Yet, I now know that I was with him during his last moments, and that I loved him, very much. Someday, we’ll meet again, in another world. We had know each other for eight months, and been together for two. I will never forget the best times we had. To all of you who were also very close with Scott, I’m sure his spirit is with us, right now, smiling to the fact that we’re all here, for him. Scott was different, and I think we all know that. He will be missed, but someday, many years from now when we’ll also fade away, weâ€⠄¢ll all meet again, we’ll all be happy again. Scott isn’t in any pain, he left us peacefully, and I am grateful to have known him. Thank you very much.† I exited the stage, seeing everyone crying and clapping for my speech. Before going back to my seat, I approached the coffin where he laid, peacefully, saying my last words to him, â€Å"Forever and ever.†

Families Portrayed In Roddy Doyles Books Essay -- essays research pape

Families Portrayed In Roddy Doyle's Books Why do we hear so much about family these days? Perhaps it is because relationships between family members are assumed to be the prototype for all other social relations. In the novels, The Commitments, The Snapper and The Van, Roddy Doyle shows his support of the family as an institution. Each character demonstrates strength and direction within the family unit. However, when the stability of the family is threatened, each character breaks down along with the family itself. When we think of family life we associate happiness, a life of sharing memories and developing unbreakable friendships. It is easy to create a family that is make believe, we just tend to leave the ugly side of the relationship out. It may be true that there is a family that lives like the "Cleavers" in our society today, but speaking realistically every family will breakdown eventually. In an interview about his novels the author said, "I didn't set out to capture the good in every family, or bad for that matter, I just wanted to show a typical Irish family."1 Doyle's writing is real--he deals with issues that might not hit home with every reader however, they are events that confront many people every day. The Rabbitte family is used in all three novels that make up the "Barrytown Trilogy." While the times are both good and bad for the eight members of this Irish family, in some way they find a way overcome every problem that faces them. One of Doyle's strengths is his feel for personality: his characters are neither devils nor clowns, dolts nor wits, but wobble between the extremes. "They're fish gutters and mechanics, young knockabouts and unemployed workers who spend a lot of time watching T.V. drinking Guinness and jawing at the pub, trying to stave off the feelings that they are nondescript people in a nondescript world."2 The Commitments is Doyle's first full-length novel. The main character Jimmy Rabbitte, the eldest son, puts together a band. It is almost every teenager's dream, at some point, to be famous playing music in front of large groups of people. In fact, this is how this book started off. In the end, however, it turns out to be the complete opposite. Doyle captures ... ... about unemployment and welfare. One night when the family is eating Darren says something to upset his father whose reply is: "Darren, don't you forget who paid for tha' dinner in front of you, son, righ' -I know who paid for it, said Darren. -The state did."7 This reaction not only made Jimmy Sr. upset but, he came to terms with the fact that he was going nowhere and if he wanted things to get better he had better get a job soon. The Rabittes may have gone through times when they wanted to kill each other, but other times they cared. Doyle is a down-to-earth writer, he shows the way of life for many families with the use of slang in his writing and his abillity to capture humour when the times are hard. The Rabbitte family shared many bonds, they had many memories and of course many fights, but they are a family. They may be fictional but they represent a modern family. It is true that when the stability of the family is threatened, each character breaks down along with the family itself.

Psychology Resilience Paper Essay

â€Å"Our history does not determine our destiny,† stated Boris Cyrulnik, author of Resilience: How Your Inner Strength Can Set You Free From the Past. Resilience can come from many places in a person, but when looking at the nature versus nurture perspective, it is nature that most strongly determines how resilient a person will be, and not based quite as much upon how they were nurtured. As Cyrulnik said, it is not our history, in other words, not how we’ve been previously nurtured, that determines what we will become, or how resilient we will be in times of trial. Before discussing the idea of how nature applies to the idea of resilience, it is important to first understand what resilience is. Cyrulnik defined this word as such: â€Å"The ability to succeed, to live in a positive and socially acceptable way, despite the stress or adversity that would normally involve the real possibility of a negative outcome. † (Cyrulnik, 1999. ) this means that when a person goes through a hardship in their life, they continue to live normally instead of allowing it to affect their lives in a bad way. One important point that the textbook Invitation to Lifespan Psychology brought up was that â€Å"adversity must be significant† in order for a person to be considered resilient. (Berger, 2010. ) therefore, when discussing resilience, the problem that a person has to overcome must be major/life-changing for it to be considered resilience when it is overcome. While nurture may have an impact on how resilient a person can be, it is their nature that truly determines this. Cyrulnik gave an example of how two hundred children were at â€Å"serious parental and social risk. † (Cyrulnik, 1999. Out of those 200 children, 130 of them had serious mental and emotion issues in their lives decades later. However, that left 70 children that went on to lead completely normal lives. If this were to be looked at from the perspective of nurture being the key role in how resilient a child will be, it hardly makes sense. All 200 of these kids were in the same abusive type lifestyles; they were all nurtured the same. If it were nurture that determined how resilient a child will be, then it should have been closer to 200 kids that ended up being greatly negatively impacted later in life. 5% of the kids went on to lead normal lives. They were not nurtured to do so. It was in their very nature to continue to lead a positively normal life, so how they were nurtured could not affect that. Studies have shown that the ability for a child to make friends and learn new things can impact how resilient a child is. Berger stated in Invitation to Lifespan Psychology: â€Å"Another key aspect of resilience is whether or not a stressed child can develop friends, activities, and skills. (Berger, 2010. ) The social skills of a person is strongly dependent on their genes. In a study covered by CNN, they stated: â€Å"People who have two â€Å"G† variants of this oxytocin receptor gene tend to have better social skills and higher self-esteem. † (CNN, 2011 â€Å"Is empathy in our genes? † Retrieved from http://www. cnn. com/2011/11/15/health/empathy-genes/index. html). This is important because, as Berger stated, the ability to make friends is a huge part of a child’s ability to become resilient. As CNN suggested, social skills are genetic, which leads to the idea that the ability to be resilient is linked to a person’s nature, and the better their genes are regarding social skills, the better the chance they have to become resilient. Not only are social skills hugely a part of the nature of a person, the need to interact with other people is deeply rooted in human nature. Cyrulnik gave the example of Michel, who spent three weeks in a camp during WWII after spending six months in hiding. (Cyrulnik, 1999. One might assume that a child would become very unhappy and depressed in a war camp, but Michel became thrilled, and felt as if he were at a party. This is because he had very little human interaction while he was in hiding, and he was finally able to interact with people when he was sent to the camp. He was resilient after his time in camp, able to move on with his life and not allow what happened to him to have a negative influence over his life. It was his human nature of needed contact with people and interaction that changed his whole perspective on his ordeal. He was nurtured well enough when in hiding, but he was miserable. It was his inborn nature that saved him because of the much-needed human interaction, which illustrated how it was his nature that was able to cause him to be resilient, and not the way that he was nurtured. Nurture will always impact people, but it is nature that impacts the lives and resilience of people the most. Cyrulnik describes multiple examples which help to illustrate this idea, such as the case of Michel. Resilience is what keeps people together when they have an intense struggle. Nature impacts the strength of that resilience.

Biology Lab Essay

Introduction This week in Biology Lab we learned the effects of caffeine and nicotine on heart rate. Based on previous knowledge of caffeine and nicotine, I came up with the following hypothesis; The presence of nicotine will slow the heart rate of the worm and the presence of caffeine will speed the rate up. My hypothesis was based on what I seen in everyday life. A person who smokes a lot of cigarettes usually have a slower heart rate, whereas a person whom drinks a lot of caffeine sodas are hyper and have a faster heart beat. I think the effect of caffeine and nicotine will have the same effect on the species we are using in class, a freshwater blackworm. Materials & Methods To begin this lab we first had to build a viewing chamber to view our worms under the microscope. To make the viewing chamber we had to use about 12 wax like parafilm sheets on a slide. We made sure each of the sheets fit on the slide, and stacked them up to make sure that the worm could not get out. We used a heating plate to melt the parafilm sheets but we had to be careful not to let the slide get to hot because it would burn. Using a razor we had to cut out a trough. This is where the worm would sit in so we could view it under the microscope. Our teacher has prepared us with 3 different molarities of caffeine and 3 different molarities of nicotine. Using a dropper we had to put about 3 drops of caffeine or nicotine on the worm. A new worm is used for each different trial/molarity. At the end of each trial we had to record what happened to the worm and what we saw under the microscope. The old worm was to be disposed in a bowl with everyone else’s used worm. Results & Data The first picture above shows how the worm looked under the microscope with just water. Notice that the vessels are spaced apart allowing the blood to flow with ease. With the presence of caffeine the blood vessels of the worm relaxed or separated more allowing blood to flow causing the heart to beat faster. The final picture shows what was saw under the microscope when the worm had nicotine in it. The vessels are more closer together making it harder for the blood to flow. Decreased blood flow equals decreased heart rate. On a few attempts the worms died because at first I did not know that the worms lived on water, or because I would put to much of a solution into the viewing chamber than the worm could take. The higher the concentration the more drastic the results. The pictures shown are only for the lowest molarity of caffeine and nicotine used in this lab. Conclusion My hypothesis for this lab was correct. The effect of nicotine made the worm heart rate lower and the effect of caffeine made the heart rate speed up. Caffeine and nicotine effect worms and humans in the same way.

Chain of Command Informed

The reason it is important to keep your chain of command informed is because when you are in the military you never know what any one person might need you for and you are a solider ours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year. A few of the other reasons are the chain of command mite need to contact you because your unit is being activated in which case you will have to show up with all of the bags and whatever else they tell you to bring in at a certain place at a certain time.Another reason is you may have to take a pips test in which case you will have to show up at a retain place at a certain time. One of the biggest reasons you have to keep you chain of command informed is because of accountability your chain of command must have 100 percent accountability of all the soldiers assigned to them at all times. You must also keep your chain of command informed incase a solider comes up missing so they know that it is not you.Another big reason you must keep you chain of command informed is because if the unit gets a red cross message for you they have to know were you are and be able to get a hold of you no matter what because if your nit gets a red cross message then It Is normally something real serious it could h/ death in your family or a family member severely ill an you need to get home as soon as possible to comfort your other family members/Also because if you are stationed in Germany or any of the other countries outside the united states that the united states army has a base at you are always at a higher threat level then army bases In the unites states so their for If something ever happens to a solider out side of the army base you are stationed on your chain of command needs to know that It Isn't you an they wont have the time to run around an look for you. 4th Is also Important to keep your chain of command Informed because If a sensitive Items comes up missing then no one can go any were till the sensitive Item Is found. Those are some of the reason s that you must keep your chain of command Informed of your whereabouts at all times. The definition of Dereliction of duty Is a specific offense under United States Code Title 10,892. Article 92 and applies to all branches of the US military. A service member who Is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has Incapacitated himself In such a way that he cannot perform his duties.Incapacitation Includes falling asleep while on-duty; getting drunk and being unable to perform his duties; or vacating his post contrary to regulations. Article 92 also applies to service members whose acts or omissions rise result In criminally negligent behavior Reasons It Is Important to Keep Your Chain of Command Informed By unimpassioned unit gets a red cross message then it is normally something real serious it could h/ states army has a base at you are always at a higher threat level then army bases in the unites states so their for if something ever happens to a solider out side of the army base you are stationed on your chain of command needs to know that it isn't you an they wont have the time to run around an look for you. T is also important to keep your chain of command informed because if a sensitive items comes up missing hen no one can go any were till the sensitive item is found. Those are some of the reasons that you must keep your chain of command informed of your whereabouts at all times. The definition of Dereliction of duty is a specific offense under United States member who is derelict has willfully refused to perform his duties (or follow a given order) or has incapacitated himself in such a way that he cannot perform his duties. Incapacitation includes falling asleep while on-duty; getting drunk and being unable applies to service members whose acts or omissions rise result in criminally

Agressive behavior in adolescent 12-18 Research Paper

Agressive behavior in adolescent 12-18 - Research Paper Example Since not all parents follow this technique as they are becoming quite busy in their own lives, they fail to discipline their children and their children continue to operate in an aggressive manner. Parents need to ensure that the techniques used for disciplining purposes are not very harsh as children may view continuous harsh treatment as unfair and they may react to these techniques in an aggressive manner. When children may react in an aggressive manner and parents even try to discipline this behavior by implementing harsher punishments, child will become more aggressive. Another theory that provides insight regarding aggressive behavior among teenagers caused by poor parenting is the strain theory. The strain theory asserts that individuals adopt aggressive behaviors because they fail to attain goals, which they value to be positive for their wellbeing (Cullen, 2013 p.148). In the case of teenagers, they put great value on being loved and cared for by their parents. If parents fail to provide love and affection to children, the child’s expectations are not met and thus he becomes aggressive. Hollist confirms this theory and cites that according to a study, huge portions of juvenile delinquents are those who were coercively treated at their homes (Cox, 2011, p.100). When parenting style is coercive in nature, the bond between the child and the parent becomes weak and due to this, the children become involved in the act of externalizing their problems. For example: a child might have witnessed divorce occurring between his/her parents and due t o the anger of divorce, the child may be involved in picking fights at school. Amato asserts that the rate of divorce in the American society has elevated and huge number of children in various households witnesses their parents fighting with each other (Fine, 2013, p.43). Due to this, a child may perceive that he/she is the

Final questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final questions - Essay Example This space was small and at the rear of the skull in quadrapedal animals. It moved a little forward and grew to about 6 times the earlier one for knuckle walkers, like gorillas. For bipedal animals it moved even further forward and nearly doubles in size. This makes sense, as the place where the spinal column enters the skull would govern the angle at which the head is carried (Howells 77-205). Lucy from Oldivai Gorge in South Africa is the most complete skeleton of this genus, which walked upright and may have used very simple tools. It probably lived in trees, but hunted or scavenged on the ground, as the curvature of fingers and toes indicates it could climb trees. The pelvis in the female is the same as modern man. The long forehead slopes at about 45 degrees from the bony ridge over the eyes, and there is no real chin. Two sets of footprints preserved by volcanic action and found by Mary Leakey show human toes, and they prove that Australopithecus Afarensis walked on two feet ha bitually, though the placement of feet show a more splayed gait and suggests that this ape was not quite upright ("Early Human Evolution: Early Transitional Humans."). One of the difficulties with the fossil records is that there is no way of knowing how many species exhibiting changes came between one recovered fossil and the next. This is why there is disagreement about exactly where the branches might be. Without DNA evidence it is not possible to know for sure which hominid is the ancestor of which others. Even with DNA evidence it would not be certain, as it would requires some from all the fossils in the line. Australopithecus Africanus followed next. However, it is not certain where homo branched off. It could have been from Aferensis, Africanus, Robustus or even a separate Paranthropus Robustus. All of these were inhabiting the same area as contemporaries. There might even have been interbreeding, which would indicate that the breeds were not really separate. The Robustus de finitely had larger bones and brain cavity, and it seems to have gone extinct. That leaves either Afarensis or Africanus as being separate lines or branching to Australopithecus Bahrelghazali which then branched to Homo. Only lower jaw bones have been found thus far, but the dentition puts this species closer to Homo than the others. There may have been other branches of Australopithecus, but there is not enough fossil evidence that they were around very long before going extinct. Cross breeding could also have eliminated some differences ("Hominidae_filogenia.png (PNG Image, 1025 ? 979 pixels)."). So me theorists eliminate all of these australopithecines from the homo line of ancestry, believing that homo lines branched off independently from either Ardipithecus Ramidus or A. Garhi. However, one might question this based upon the lack of fossils and the latest find in Georgia on the Black Sea of five Homo Habilis types with a great deal of variation among them. It is possible they are all one species with variation, just as we have today. Speciation generally includes an inability to procreate successfully between species. A recent discovery of what seems to be a new species of Australopithecus, A. Garhi, in Ethiopia is a candidate for early human. This illustration shows the pitifully few pieces that have been found, and the Georgian discovery makes it worth further investigation before ascribing